Use of Intra-aortic- Balloon Pump Counterpulsation in Patients with Symptomatic Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Neurogenic Stress Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Introduction—Intra-aortic counterpulsation balloon pumps (IABPs) have been widely used to augment
hemodynamics in critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock and have recently been proposed as a management strategy for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients with neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy
(NSC). Prior case series have described the use of IABP as a means to manage cardiogenic shock in this
patient population; however, we sought to describe our experience with IABP as a means to wean vasopressor requirement while augmenting hemodynamics and maintaining pressures at goal.
Methods—Five patients were identified from a single center, prospective, observational cohort study that
received an IABP for the management of ischemia related to cerebral vasospasm in the setting of NSC. We
evaluated all cases for efficacy of IABP in reducing vasopressor requirement, and complications.
Results—Vasopressor requirements were reduced by a mean of 50% (range 25–65%) following IABPs
placement within 24–48 h. There were no significant complications from IABPs. Out of the five patients,
the outcome in three cases was favorable (mRS≤1). Two patients suffered delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI),
one patient passed away due to severe sepsis, and one patient was left with severe disability. Only one
patient required anticoagulation and that was for a preexisting deep venous thrombosis.
Conclusion—The use of IABPs may be beneficial as an adjunctive therapy in SAH patients with concomitant symptomatic vasospasm and NSC.